TWF-3

The standardized assessment has four naming sections, the results of which are combined to form the overall Word Finding Index:

• Picture Naming: Nouns-assesses efficiency in naming compound and 1 to 4 syllable target words
• Sentence Completion Naming-assesses efficiency in naming words to complete sentences read aloud by the examiner
• Picture Naming: Verbs-assesses efficiency in naming present and past-tense regular and irregular verbs
• Picture Naming: Categories-assesses efficiency in naming objects and the categories to which they belong

Five informal analyses are also provided. Three of these analyses (the Phonemic Cueing Procedure, the Imitation Procedure, and the Substitution Analysis) examine types of word finding errors students make. The remaining informal analyses (the Delayed Response Procedure and the Secondary Characteristics Tally) contribute to interpreting the Word Finding Index.

The standardized assessment has ample evidence of reliability and validity:

• The average internal consistency (content sampling) reliability coefficients for all forms exceed .85.
• The average test-retest (time sampling) coefficients for the Word Finding Index exceed .80.
• Correlations of the Word Finding Index with those of other well-known expressive language tests are large or very large in magnitude.
• Diagnostic accuracy studies indicate that the TWF-3 is able to accurately identify students with word finding difficulties (i.e., sensitivity = .86, specificity = .78, ROC/AUC = .88, cut score = 90).
• Considerable other validity evidence is provided in the manual.